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2010 Guidelines for Preparing Manuscripts for
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Updated by the Editor's Office
of The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Originally prepared by the late Carl O. Boucher, DDS, and associates at The Ohio State
University, College of Dentistry and School of Journalism, Columbus, Ohio.
Submission Guidelines
We are pleased that
you are interested in writing an article for The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. In publishing, as in dentistry, precise procedures
are essential. Your attention to and compliance with the following policies will help ensure the timely processing of your submission.
Length of Manuscripts
Manuscript length depends on manuscript type. In general, research and clinical science articles
should not exceed 10 to 12 double-spaced, typed pages (excluding references, legends, and tables). Clinical Reports and Technique articles
should not exceed 4 to 5 pages, and Tips articles should not exceed 1 to 2 pages. The length of systematic reviews is variable.
Number
of Authors
The number of authors is limited to 4; the inclusion of more than 4 must be justified in the letter of submission.
(Each author's contribution must be listed.) Otherwise, contributing authors in excess of 4 will be listed after the references.
Formatting
All submissions must be typed and double-spaced. Print on only 1 side of the paper. Paper dimensions should be
8.5 x 11 inches with 1-inch margins on all sides.
Hard Copy and Electronic Files
Please submit an electronic file of the
text and tables on a CD. Microsoft Word is the preferred word processing program. Without an electronic copy of the text and tables,
we cannot submit the manuscript to our review process. If photographic prints accompany the text, high quality electronic illustrations
must be submitted upon initial submission. Paper copies of the document and figures are not necessary.
Copyright Transfer
In accordance with the Copyright Act of 1976, all manuscripts must be accompanied by the following statement signed by EACH author
individually. (One form should be received from each author; only the signing author's name should appear on the form.) If a manuscript
number has been assigned, it should be included at the end of the statement.
Checklist for Initial Submission
-
Letter of submission
- Copyright transfer statement for each author
- Conflict of interest and financial disclaimer statement,
if applicable
- Permission to reproduce previously published material, if applicable
- Informed consent for patient photographs,
if applicable
- CD containing electronic files of manuscript contents
- Electronic image files (see Guidelines, pages
13-15)
- The submission on the CD should consist of the double-spaced manuscript, which should include, in this order:
-
-
Title page with proper information for all authors
- Abstract
- Article proper
- References
- Tables
- Legends for
illustrations
Submission Address
Send all manuscripts and/or make inquiries to:
Dr. Carol A. Lefebvre,
Editor
or Cheryl Sullivan, Editorial Manager
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Medical College of Georgia
1120 15th St., AD 2943
School of Dentistry
Augusta, GA 30912-1255
Phone: (706) 721-4558
Fax: (706) 721-4571
E-mail: jpd@mcg.edu
 http://journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ympr/home
Types of Articles
Articles are classified as one of the following: research/clinical science article, clinical report, technique article, systematic review,
or tip from our readers. Required sections for each type of article are listed in the order in which they should be presented.
RESEARCH
REPORT / CLINICAL STUDY
The research report should be no longer than 10-12 double-spaced, typed pages and be accompanied by
no more than 12 high-quality illustrations.
- Abstract (approximately 250 words): Create a structured abstract with
the following subsections: Statement of Problem, Purpose, Material and Methods, Results, and Conclusions. The abstract should contain
enough detail to describe the experimental design and variables. Sample size, controls, method of measurement, standardization, examiner
reliability, and statistical method used with associated level of significance should be described in the Material and Methods section.
Actual values should be provided in the Results section.
- Clinical Implications: In 2-4 sentences, describe the impact
of the study results on clinical practice.
- Introduction: Explain the problem completely and accurately. Summarize relevant
literature, and identify any bias in previous studies. Clearly state the objective of the study and the research hypothesis at the end
of the Introduction. Please note that, for a thorough review of the literature, most (if not all references) should first be cited in
the Introduction and/or Material and Methods section.
- Material and Methods: In the initial paragraph, provide an overview
of the experiment. Provide complete manufacturing information for all products and instruments used, either in parentheses or in a table.
Describe what was measured, how it was measured, and the units of measure. List criteria for quantitative judgment. Describe the experimental
design and variables, including defined criteria to control variables, standardization of testing, allocation of specimens/subjects to
groups (specify method of randomization), total sample size, controls, calibration of examiners, and reliability of instruments and examiners.
Statistical tests and associated significance levels should be described at the end of this section.
- Results: Report
the results accurately and briefly, in the same order as the testing was described in the Material and Methods section. For extensive
listings, present data in tabular or graphic form to help the reader. Describe the most significant findings and trends. Text, tables,
and figures should not repeat each other. Results noted as significant must be validated by actual data and P values.
- Discussion:
Discuss the results of the study in relation to the hypothesis and to relevant literature. If the results do not agree with other studies
and/or with accepted opinions, state how and why the results differ. Agreement with other studies should also be stated. Identify the
limitations of the present study, and suggest areas for future research.
- Conclusions: Concisely list conclusions that
may be drawn from the research; do not simply restate the results. The conclusions must be pertinent to the objectives and justified
by the data. In most situations, the conclusions are true for only the population of the experiment. All statements reported as conclusions
should be accompanied by statistical analyses.
- References: Select and format references in accordance with the guidelines
on page 10.
- Tables: Create tables in accordance with the guidelines on page 11.
- Legends for illustrations:
Concisely describe each illustration without directly duplicating the main text.
CLINICAL REPORT
The clinical
report describes the author's methods for meeting a patient treatment challenge. It should be no longer than 4 to 5 double-spaced, typed
pages and be accompanied by no more than 8 high-quality illustrations. In some situations, the Editor may approve the publication of
additional figures if they contribute significantly to the manuscript.
- Abstract: Provide a short, nonstructured,
1-paragraph abstract that briefly summarizes the problem encountered and treatment administered.
- Introduction: Summarize
literature relevant to the problem encountered. Include references to standard treatments and protocols. Please note that most, if not
all, references should first be cited in the Introduction and/or Clinical Report section.
- Clinical Report: Describe
the patient, the problem with which he/she presented, and any relevant medical or dental background. Describe the various treatment options
and the reasons for selection of the chosen treatment. Fully describe the treatment rendered, the length of the follow-up period, and
any improvements noted as a result of treatment. This section should be written in past tense and in paragraph form.
- Discussion:
Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen treatment, and describe any contraindications for it. If the text will only
be repetitive of previous sections, omit the Discussion.
- Summary: Briefly summarize the patient treatment.
- References: Select and format references in accordance with the guidelines on page 10.
- Legends for illustrations:
Concisely describe each illustration without directly duplicating the main text.
DENTAL TECHNIQUE
The dental
technique article presents, in a step-by-step format, a unique procedure helpful to dental professionals. It should be no longer than
4 to 5 double-spaced, typed pages and be accompanied by no more than 8 high-quality illustrations. In some situations, the Editor may
approve the publication of additional figures if they contribute significantly to the manuscript.
- Abstract: Provide
a short, nonstructured, 1-paragraph abstract that briefly summarizes the technique.
- Introduction: Summarize relevant
literature. Include references to standard methods and protocols. Please note that most, if not all, references should first be cited
in the Introduction and/or Technique section.
- Technique: In a numbered, step-by-step format, describe each step of the
technique. The text should be written in command rather than descriptive form (e.g., "Survey the diagnostic cast" rather than "The diagnostic
cast is surveyed.") Include citations for the accompanying illustrations.
- Discussion: Comment on the advantages and
disadvantages of the technique indicate the situations to which it may be applied, and describe any contraindications for its use. Avoid
excessive claims of effectiveness. If the text will only be repetitive of previous sections, omit the Discussion.
- Summary:
Briefly summarize the technique presented and its chief advantages.
- References: Select and format references in accordance
with the guidelines on page 12.
- Legends for illustrations: Concisely describe each illustration without directly duplicating
the main text.
Systematic Review
The author is advised to develop a systematic review in the Cochrane style
and format. The Journal is transitioning away from literature reviews to systematic reviews. For more information on systematic reviews,
please see www.cochrane.org. An example of a systematic review in the Journal
is: Torabinejad M, Anderson P, Bader J, Brown LJ, Chen LH, Goodacre CJ, Kattadiyil MT, Kutsenko D, Lozada J, Patel R, Petersen F, Puterman
I, White SN. Outcomes of root canal treatment and restoration, implant-supported single crowns, fixed partial dentures, and extraction
without replacement: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2007 Oct;98(4):285-311.
Briefly, the systematic review consists of the
following:
An Abstract - using a structured format (Statement of Problem, Purpose, Material and Methods, Results, Conclusions).
The text of the review - consisting of an introduction (background and objective), methods (selection criteria, search methods, data
collection and data analysis), results (description of studies, methodological quality, and results of analyses), discussion, authors'
conclusions, acknowledgements, and conflicts of interest. References should be peer-reviewed and follow JPD format (page 12).
Tables
and figures, if necessary - showing characteristics of the included studies, specification of the interventions that were compared, the
results of the included studies, a log of the studies that were excluded, and additional tables and figures relevant to the review.
TIPS FROM OUR READERS
Tips are brief reports on helpful or timesaving procedures. They should be limited to 2 authors,
no longer than 250 words, and include no more than 2 high quality illustrations. Place the procedure in a numbered, step-by-step format;
place the text in command rather than descriptive or passive form (e.g., "Survey the diagnostic cast" rather than "The diagnostic cast
is surveyed").
Formatting Instructions
FIRST PAGE ARRANGEMENT -TITLE PAGE
Please see the example provided.
- Title: The title should define the study's scope, content, and clinical significance. Capitalize only the first letter
of the first word. Do not underline the title or bold it. Abbreviations or trade names should not be used in the title.
- Authors:
Directly under the title, type the names and degrees of the authors.
List academic degrees only.
No fellowship designations,
please.
- Institution(s): Directly under the authors' names, type their individual institutional affiliations and the cities,
states, and countries (if not the United States) in which these institutions are located. If necessary, provide the English translation
of the name of the institution. If the authors are not affiliated with an institution, please list the city, state, and country (if not
the United States) in which the authors live.
- Presentation/support information and titles: If the research was presented before
an organized group, type the name of the organization and the location and date of the meeting. If the work was supported by a grant
or any other kind of funding, supply the name of the supporting organization and the grant number. List the academic titles (e.g., Assistant
Professor) and departmental affiliations of all authors.
- Contact information: List the mailing address, business telephone,
fax number, and e-mail address of the author who will receive correspondence.
Collagen tube containers in alveolar
ridge augmentation
Robert K. Gongloff, DMD,a and Richard Lee, DDSb
School of Dentistry, University of California-San Francisco;
Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
Supported by grant No. 9099-02 from the Veterans Administration.
Presented at the International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons annual meeting, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, May
1995.
aChief, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Veterans Administration Medical Center; and Associate Clinical Professor,
Department of Prosthodontics, University of California-San Francisco School of Dentistry.
bFormer Resident, Department
of Prosthodontics, University of California-San Francisco School of Dentistry.
Corresponding author:
Dr Richard K. Gongloff
Dental Service 160
Veterans Administration Medical Center
123 Main St
San Francisco, CA 94121
Fax: 123-456-7777
E-mail: gongloff@hotmail.com
Acknowledgements
The authors thank...
[NOTE: Acknowledgments should
appear at the end of the title page, rather than in the text of the manuscript.]
ABSTRACT
- The abstract must
be typed on a page separate from the main text.
- The abstract should include no abbreviations or manufacturing information.
MAIN TEXT
Headings
- Headings should contribute to the clarity of the article and appear in appropriate places
to indicate a shift from one section to another (eg, Discussion to Conclusions).
- The use of subheadings may be appropriate
in the Material and Methods section but is generally discouraged in the Results and Discussion.
- All headings should be typed
flush with the left margin. Main headings (eg, MATERIAL AND METHODS) should be in capital letters; subheadings (eg, Specimen preparation)
should be in "Sentence case"; the first letter should be capitalized and the remainder of the phrase should be in lowercase.
Identification of product and manufacturing information
- Refer to products in generic terms. Immediately following the term,
provide the following information in parentheses: product name and manufacturer's name, city, state, and country (if not the United States).
For example: "The impressions were poured in type IV stone (Denstone; Heraeus Kulzer, South Bend, Ind) and related to each other with
a fast-setting vinyl polysiloxane occlusal registration material (Correct VPS Bite Registration; Jeneric/Pentron, Inc, Wallingford, Conn)."
If the same manufacturer is cited multiple times, the city and state/country are required only in the first citation.
- Use generic
drug names; trade names may be listed in parentheses at the point of first mention.
Personal communications
-
Do not list a personal communication in the References. Instead, provide the following information in the text in parentheses: the name
of the person with whom you communicated, his/her highest academic degree, whether the communication was oral or written, and the date
of the communication.
Abbreviations
- If abbreviations are used, provide the expanded form upon first mention
and abbreviate thereafter; for example, "fixed partial denture (FPD)".
REFERENCES
Acceptable references and
their placement
- Most, if not all, references should first be cited in the Introduction and/or Material and Methods section.
Only those references that have been previously cited or that relate directly to the outcomes of the present study may be cited in the
Discussion.
- Only peer-reviewed, published material may be cited as a reference. Manuscripts in preparation, manuscripts submitted
for consideration, and unpublished theses are not acceptable references.
- Abstracts are considered unpublished observations
and are not allowed as references unless follow-up studies were completed and published in peer-reviewed journals.
- References
to foreign language publications should be kept to a minimum (no more than 3). They are permitted only when the original article has
been translated into English. The translated title should be cited and the original language noted in brackets at the end of the
citation.
- Textbook references should be kept to a minimum, as textbooks often reflect the opinions of their authors and/or
editors. The most recent editions of textbooks should be used. Evidence-based journal citations are preferred.
Reference
formatting
- References must be identified in the body of the article with superscript Arabic numerals.
- The complete
reference list, double spaced and in numerical order, should follow the Conclusions section but start on a separate page. Only references
cited in the text should appear in the reference list.
- Reference formatting should conform to Vancouver style as set forth
in "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (Ann Intern Med 1997;126:36-47).
- List up to six
authors. If there are seven or more, after the sixth author's name, add et al.
- Abbreviate journal names per the Cumulative
Index Medicus. A complete list of standard abbreviations is available through the PubMed website: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi
- Format for journal articles: Supply the last names and initials of all authors; the title of the article; the journal
name; and the year, volume, and page numbers of publication. Do not use italics, bold, or underlining for any part of the reference.
Put a period after the initials of the last author, after the article title, and at the end of the reference. Put a semi-colon after
the year of publication and a colon after the volume. Issue numbers are not used in Vancouver style.
Jones ER, Smith IM,
Doe JQ. Uses of acrylic resin. J Prosthet Dent 1985;53:120-9.
- Format for books: The most current edition must be cited. Supply
the names and initials of all authors/editors, the title of the book, the city of publication, the publisher, the year of publication,
and the inclusive page numbers consulted. Do not use italics, bold, or underlining for any part of the reference.
Zarb GA, Carlsson
GE, Bolender CL. Boucher's prosthodontic treatment for edentulous
patients. 11th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1997. p. 112-23.
Note:
References should not be submitted in Endnotes. Endnotes formatting cannot be edited by the Editorial Office or reviewers, and must be
suppressed or removed from the manuscript prior to submission.
TABLES
- Tables should be self-explanatory
and should supplement, not duplicate, the text.
- Provide all tables at the end of the manuscript, after the figure legends (if
present) or reference list. There should be only one table on each page. Omit internal horizontal and vertical lines. Omit any shading
or color.
- Do not list tables in parts (eg, Table Ia, Ib, etc.). Each should have its own number. Number the tables in the
order in which they are mentioned in the text.
- Supply a concise legend that describes the content of the table. Create descriptive
column and row headings. Within columns, align data such that decimal points may be traced in a straight line. Use decimal points, not
commas, to mark places past the integer (eg, 3.5 rather than 3,5).
- In a line beneath the table, define any abbreviations used
in the table.
- If a table (or any data within it) was published previously, give full credit to the original source in a footnote
to the table. If necessary, obtain permission to reprint from the author/publisher.
- The tables should be submitted in Microsoft
Word, WordPerfect, or RTF format. Microsoft Word is preferred. If a table has been prepared in Excel, it should be imported into
one of the abovementioned formats prior to submission.
ELECTRONIC IMAGE SUBMISSION
Submitting your illustrations
in electronic format allows more accurate and higher quality reproduction of your work. The following guidelines must be carefully followed.
File Type
Electronic files should be submitted as TIFF files.
Figures should NOT be submitted as Microsoft Word,
Corel Draw, Harvard Graphics, PowerPoint, or other presentation software format.
Color images should be in CMYK (Cyan/Magenta/Yellow/Black)
color format (color space) as opposed to RGB (Red/Green/Blue) color format.
The figures should be submitted to the Journal on a
CD-ROM. Figures should not be submitted to the Journal as e-mailed attachments.
File Dimensions and Size
The figure dimensions
must be a minimum of 4 x 6 inches; the figures should be of standard dimensions. Clinical figures must be size matched at 4 x 6 inches.
The figures must be oriented correctly when submitted.
Figures should be size matched (the same physical size), unless the image
type prohibits the size matching of the figure to other figures within the manuscript, as in the case of panoramic or periapical radiographs,
SEM images, graphs. Do not "label" the faces of the figures with letters or numbers to indicate the order in which the figures should
appear; such labels will be inserted during the publication process.
Clinical figures should be color balanced.
The figures
should be of professional quality and high resolution. The following guidelines with respect to resolution must be followed:
-
Color and black-and-white photographs should be created and saved at a minimum of 300 dots per inch (dpi). (Note: A 4 x 6-inch image
at a resolution of 300 dpi will be approximately 6 megabytes, in terms of file size.) A figure of less than 300 dpi must not be increased
to 300 dpi; the resulting quality and resolution will be poor.
- Line art should be created and saved as 1200 dpi.
-
Combination artwork (an illustration containing both line art and photograph) should be created and saved as 600 to 1000 dpi.
-
All images must be easily readable and have good contrast. Clarity and quality should be uniform among the parts of a multipart figure,
and among all of the figures within a manuscript. Composite figures (multiple images combined into a single frame) are unacceptable.
Each image part should be a separate 4 x 6-inch, 300-dpi image.
- A uniform background, a nontextured, medium blue, should be
provided for color figures when possible.
Line art and combination artwork is best created in native design format, such
as EPS (Encapsulated PostScript), Adobe Illustrator, InDesign, etc., but should be saved in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) prior
to submission to the Journal. Color and black-and-white photographs are best created and saved as TIFF images. If a key to an illustration
requires artwork (screen lines, dots, unusual symbols), the key should be incorporated into the drawing instead of included in the typed
legend. All symbols should be done professionally, be visible against the background, and be of legible proportion should the illustration
be reduced for publication. If text is to appear within the figure, labeled and unlabeled versions of the figures must be provided. Text
appearing within the labeled versions of the figures should be in Ariel font. The text should be sized to be easily read if the figure
is reduced in size when reproduced in the Journal. It is recommended that text should be a minimum of 10 point. Lettering should be in
proportion to the drawing, graph, or photograph. A consistent font size should be used throughout each figure, and for all figures, to
ensure readability and a professional appearance. Please note: Titles and captions should not appear within the figure file, but should
be provided in the manuscript text (see Figure Legends, below).
All microscopic photographs must have a measurement bar and unit
of measurement on the image.
Color illustrations may be submitted when their use considerably enhances the value of the manuscript. The Editor has final authority to determine whether color illustrations provide the most effective presentation. Generally, a
maximum of 8 figures will be accepted for clinical report and dental technique articles, and 2 figures will be accepted for tips from
our reader articles. However, the Editor may approve the publication of additional figures if they contribute significantly to the manuscript.
In the article, clearly reference each illustration by including its number in parentheses at the end of the appropriate sentence,
before closing punctuation. For example: "The sutures were removed after 3 weeks (Fig. 4)."
File Naming
Each figure must
be numbered according to its position in the text (Figure 1, Figure 2, and so on), using Arabic numerals. The electronic image files
must be named so that the figure number and format can be easily identified. For example, a Figure 1 in TIFF format should be named fig1.tif.
Multipart figures must be clearly identifiable by the file names: fig1A.tif, fig1B.tif, fig1C.tif, etc.
Figure Legends
The figure legends should appear within the text of the manuscript, on a separate page following the references and tables, and should
appear under the heading "LEGENDS."
If an illustration is taken from previously published material, the legend must give full credit
to the source (see Permissions).
Authors are obligated to disclose whether illustrations have been modified in any way.
Graphs
Graphs should be numbered as figures and the fill for bar graphs should be distinctive and solid; shading and patterns should be avoided.
Thick, solid lines should be used, and bold, solid lettering. Times New Roman font is preferred. Place lettering on white background
and avoid reverse type (white lettering on a dark background). 1200-dpi images should be provided if black and white.
The Journal
reserves the right to standardize the format of graphs and tables.
Note: The Journal does not return material. Be sure to retain
copies of all submitted files.
PERMISSIONS
- All quoted material must be clearly marked as such with quotation
marks and a reference number. If more than 5 lines are quoted, a letter of permission must be obtained from the author and publisher
of the quoted material.
- If quotations are more than 1 paragraph in length, use open quotation marks at the beginning of each
paragraph and a closed quotation mark the end of the final paragraph only.
- Type all quoted material exactly as it appears in
the original source, with no changes in spelling or punctuation. Indicate material omitted from a quotation with ellipses (3 dots for
material omitted from within a sentence, 4 dots for material omitted after the end of a sentence).
- If any submitted photos
include the eyes of a patient, the patient must sign a consent form authorizing use of his/her photo in the Journal. If such permission
is not obtained, the eyes will be blocked with black bars at publication.
- Illustrations that are reprinted or borrowed from
other published articles/books cannot be used without the permission of the original author and publisher. The manuscript author must
secure this permission and submit it for review. In the illustration legend, provide the full citation for the original source in parentheses
INTEREST IN COMMERCIAL COMPANIES AND/OR PRODUCTS
- Authors may not directly or indirectly advertise
equipment, instruments, or products in which they have a personal investment.
- Statements and opinions expressed in the manuscripts
are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. The editors and publisher disclaim any responsibility
or liability for such material. Neither the editors nor the publisher guarantee, warrant, or endorse any product or service advertised
in the Journal; neither the editors nor the publisher guarantee any claim made by the manufacturer of said product or service.
-
Authors must disclose any financial interest they may have in products mentioned in an article. This disclosure should be typed after
the Conclusions section.
Writing Guidelines
GENERAL POLICIES AND SUGGESTIONS
- Authors
whose native language is not English should obtain the assistance of an expert in English and scientific writing before submitting their
manuscripts. Manuscripts that do not meet basic language standards will be returned pre-review.
- Do not use first person (I,
we, us, our, etc.), which violates the objective tone desired in scientific writing. "We conducted the study" can be changed easily to
"The study was conducted."
- Describe experimental procedures, treatments, and results in past tense.
" Describe teeth by name
(eg, maxillary right first molar), not number.
- It is generally better to paraphrase information from a published source than
to use direct quotations. Paraphrasing saves space. The exception is a direct quotation that is unusually pointed and concise.
-
When long terms with standard abbreviations (as in TMJ for temporomandibular joint) are used frequently, spell out the full
term upon first use and provide the abbreviation in parentheses. Use only the abbreviation thereafter.
- Abbreviate units of
measurement without a period in the text and tables (eg, 9 mm).
- Use capital letters for proper names (persons, institutions,
etc.) and for proprietary product names but not for such terms as profession, dentist, dentistry, and prosthodontics.
- Proprietary names function as adjectives. Nouns must be supplied after their use, as in Vaseline petroleum jelly.
Wherever possible, use only the generic term.
OBJECTIONABLE TERMS
The following are selected objectionable
terms and their proper substitutes. For a complete list of approved prosthodontic terminology, consult the eighth edition of the Glossary
of Prosthodontic Terms (J Prosthet Dent 2005;94:10-92).
|
Incorrect
|
|
Correct
|
| Alginate |
|
Irreversible hydrocolloid |
| Bite |
|
Occlusion |
| Bridge |
|
Fixed partial denture |
| Case |
|
Patient, situation, or treatment as appropriate |
| Cure |
|
Polymerize |
| Final |
|
Definitive |
| Freeway space |
|
Interocclusal distance |
| Full denture |
|
Complete denture |
| Lower (teeth, arch) |
|
Mandibular |
| Model |
|
Cast |
| Modeling compound |
|
Modeling plastic impression
compound |
| Muscle trimming |
|
Border molding |
| Overbite, overjet |
|
Vertical overlap, horizontal overlap |
| Periphery |
|
Border |
| Post
dam, postpalatal seal |
|
Posterior palatal seal |
| Prematurity |
|
Interceptive
occlusal contact |
| Saddle |
|
Denture base |
| Study model |
|
Diagnostic cast |
| Upper (teeth, arch) |
|
Maxillary |
| X-ray, roentgenogram |
|
Radiograph |
In addition, sample is often used when specimen is meant.
CHECKLIST FOR EFFECTIVE WRITING
- The article is long enough to convey the author's message-no shorter and no longer.
- The author analyzes the audience and aims the message directly at that audience.
- The material is well organized.
The major divisions of the article are distinct and follow each other in logical succession. The material within each division flows
smoothly. (Outlining is the key to success in this difficult task.)
- The information is accurate. Even a minor discrepancy throws
doubt on valid portions of the article.
- The article is complete. It answers all the questions it raises; it provides all the
information it promises.
- The article is objective. Even opinion, which is quite proper in the discussion, should be firmly
rooted in fact.
- The article is in a form that is as nearly final as the author and editor can make it before it is sent to
the publisher for formatting. It is expensive to make changes at the production stage, so changes on the proof must be minor and absolutely
necessary.
- The writing is clear, concise, and grammatically correct.
SOME ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE STYLE
- Short words. Short words are preferable to long ones if the shorter word is equally precise.
- Familiar
words. Readers want information that they can grasp easily and quickly. Simple, familiar words provide clarity and impact.
- Specific rather than general words. Specific terms pinpoint meaning and create word pictures; general terms may be fuzzy and
open to varied interpretations.
- Brisk opening. Plunge into your subject in the first paragraph of the article.
- Limited use of modifying words and phrases. Check your adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases. If they are not needed,
strike them out.
- No unnecessary repetition. An idea may be repeated for emphasis-so long as that repetition is effective.
- Short sentence length. Twenty words or less is recommended. Rambling sentences, cluttered with subordinate clauses
and other modifiers, are hard to read and may cause readers to lose their train of thought. Short sentences should, however, be balanced
with somewhat longer ones to avoid monotony.
- Restraint. The writer who uses flamboyant words or overstates his proposition
or conclusions discredits himself. Facts speak for themselves.
- Clearly stated conclusions. Don't hedge. If you don't
know something, say so.
• Copyright
Transfer/IRB Approval/HIPAA Compliance Statement
• Additional
Terminology Guidelines
• Approved
Abbreviations for Commonly Cited Journals
Updated February 2010
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